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Tagalog Quotes # 13

kung nandito ka siguro sa tabi ko...wala siguro akong magagawa kung titigan ka, tumingin sa mga mata mo, pero sabay ng pagtitig ko sayo ang dalanging "sana mahalin din ako ng tinititigan ko"

Tagalog Quotes # 11

sabi mo hintayin kita, sabi mo kse babalik ka...bumalik ka nga...may kasama namang iba...ang masakit ng tanungin kita, nakangiti ka pang sumagot..."sorry ha...nakalimutan ko...naghihintay ka nga pla!!!"

Tagalog Quotes # 12

sorry kung hinayaan ko sarili kong mahalin ka...sorry kung di ko magawang kalimutan ka...pero kung mali man to...ayoko ng itama, minahal kse kita ng di sinasadya...

Tagalog Quotes # 7

mahal mo kaya talaga kao? yun ang tanong na lagi kong naiisip...at kung oo sagot mo...naitanong ko lang...mahal mo ba ako dahil ahal mo ko? o dahil kailangan mo kong mahalin dahil mahal kita?

Tagalog Quotes # 8

nakapagpasalamat na ba ko sayo? sa pagtyatyaga mo sa kin, sa pag-unawa mo sa ugali ko...parang di ako makapaniwala, na nagkaroon ako ng kaibigan na tulad mo...salamat talaga ha...

Tagalog Quotes # 9

masakit magpaalam sa taong natutunan mo ng mahalin at naging parte na ng buhay mo...pero mas masakit magpaalam sa taong hindi naman naging iyo pero binago yung takbo ng buhay mo...

Tagalog Quotes # 10

pag dumating yung araw na nalaman kong dalawa na kaming mahal mo...di kita papipiliin samin...hahayaan na lang kita sa kanya...bakit? kse di ka naman magmamahal ng iba kung talagang mahal mo ko di ba?

Tagalog Quotes # 6

minsan may nga bagay tayong kailangang isuko...kahit gaano sila kahalaga...gaano sila kamahal...gaano sila kaganda...ako, simple lang ako...pero naisip ko...ako kaya...isuko mo?

Tagalog Quotes # 3

sabi nila mahirap ibalik ang bagay na wala na, sinira na, binitiwan na, pa'no kung ikaw yun? sus! di kita hahanapin no! bakit pa? di naman kita wawalain...promise!!!

Tagalog Quotes # 4

even if we get hurt badly, we'll find a way to ease the pain...and learn to understand and forgive...you know why? kse...pag mahal mo, lahat ok lang...

Tagalog Quotes # 5

minsan kailangan mo nang bumitaw, pero nahihirapan ka kasi iniisip mo, baka sya na talaga...pero di ba parang nagbubulagbulagan ka na?dahil habang mahal mo sya...pagiging magkaibigan lang ang nasa isip nya...

Tagalog Quotes # 5

love? parang basketball....JUMPBALL yung simula...FOUL yung nasasaktan ka na...FREE THROW pag may second chance...TIME OUT pag pagod ka na...pero pinakamasakit yung GAME OVER...tapos na nga...talo ka pa!

Tagalog Quotes # 1

madalas sobra tayong magmahal pero nasasaktan pa rin tayo sa huli..sobrang sakit din di ba? pano pag dumating na yung taong karapat-dapat mong mahalin ng sobra? kaya pa kayang magmahalng puso mong pagod na?

Tagalog Quotes # 2

di ba ang hirap pag namimiss mo yugn isang tao...gusto mo syang makasama epro wla kang magawa? yun tipong gusto mong sabihin kung gaano sya kahalaga sayo...pero naisip mo na lang bigla, "pwede pa kaya?"

Ang Buaya At Ang Tusong Matsing

BALISANG BALISA ang Matsing. Ubos at wala nang pagkain sa kanyang munting pulo ng Buyayaw, at gutom na gutom na siya. Maraming pagkain sa kabilang malaking pulo at tumpak! Dapat siyang lumipat duon! Ang hirap, kailangang tumawid sa makitid na dagat nang palangoy. Mas mahirap, isang katutak na mga buaya ang palangoy-langoy sa tubig, gutom din tulad niya. Paano siya makakarating sa kabilang pulo?

“Maigi pa, tanungin ko ang dagat,” sabi ni matsing, sa wakas. “Dagat, dagat, kung mapanganib talaga sa akin ang tumawid, dapat kang maging malamig!”

Lumapit sa dalampasigan si Matsing at isinawsaw ang kanyang kamay. Ang lamig! Natigilan si Matsing sa sagot ng dagat, na mapapatay siya kung lumangoy. Subalit mahirap din ang mamatay sa gutom, kaya ipinasiya ni Matsing na tumawid sa tubig, kahit ano ang mangyari! Nagsimula na siya nang nakita niya si Buaya, naghihintay sa gitna ng tubig.

“Ano ang gusto mo sa akin?” tanong ni Matsing.

“Ang atay mo,” ungol ni Buaya. “Iyon ang favorito ko.”

“Atay ko!” bulalas ni Matsing. “Sayang, iniwan ko duon sa kabilang pampang dahil mabigat at baka malunod ako kung dinala ko. Subalit matalik kitang kaibigan, kaya kukunin ko para sa iyo. Maaari bang isakay mo ako sa likod mo at itawid sa kabila?”
Pumayag si Buaya at itinawid si Matsing sa kabilang pulo. Mabilis na bumaba ito at tumakbo sa gubat. Nang ligtas na saka lamang siya lumingon.

“Wala kang kaalam-alam, Buaya!” sigaw ni Matsing. “Mayruon ba namang nag-iiwan ng atay niya!”

Tuluy-tuloy na siya sa gubat at nagtago. Naiwan si Buaya sa pampang, galit na galit, at ipinasiya niyang maghiganti. Isang araw, pinasok niya ang bahay ni Matsing. Walang laman ang bahay, nasa labas si Matsing at naghahanap ng pagkain. Nagtago sa luob ng bahay si Buaya at nag-abang.

Pagbalik ni Matsing, nakita niya ang mga bakas sa lupa at naghinalang tatambangan siya ni Buaya. Upang makatiyak, sumigaw siya, “Kung mayruong nasa luob ng bahay, tumahimik siya, subalit kung walang naghihintay sa luob, dapat siyang humiyaw!”

Pagkarinig ni Buaya, humiyaw nga siya upang ipahiwatig na walang naghihintay sa luob ng bahay.

“Tanga ka, Buaya!” sigaw ni Matsing bago tumakas. “May hihiyaw ba kung
walang nasa luob ng bahay!?”

Nabigo uli, hindi sumuko si Buaya. Kinabukasan, naglublob siya sa putik hanggang bumantot ang amoy niya. Tapos, dumapa siya sa lupa nang walang kilos, nagkunwaring patay na siya. Hindi siya gumagalaw, kaya dinapuan siya ng maraming langaw tulad ng gawa nila sa bangkay. Hindi nagtagal, dumating si Matsing at lumapit sa “patay” na Buaya.

“Ikaw, Buaya, kung buhay ka pa, huwag kang umimik,” sabi ni Matsing, “subalit kung talagang patay ka na, umongol ka!”

At umngol nga si Buaya upang patunayan na hindi siya nagpapatay-patayan!

Kumaripas patakas si Matsing.

“Talagang gunggong ka, Buaya!” sigaw ni Matsing mula sa malayo. “Sino ba namang patay na buaya ang umuungol?!”

Marami pa silang naging paghahamok, subalit dahil tuso, laging nakaiwas si Matsing sa mga pakana ni Buaya.

Ang Kwento ng Maya

Si Rita ay batang lubhang malikot. Ang kanyang ina ay laging naiinis sa mga ginagawa niyang hindi dapat gawin ng batang katulad niya.

Isang araw, ang kanyang ina ay nagbayo ng palay. Si Rita ay nanood sa kanyang ina. Siya'y gutum na gutom sapagkat galing siya sa laruan. Nang mayroon ng isang salop ang nabayong bigas, si Rita ay nagsimula nang kumain ng bigas. Ang nalagyan ng bigas ay malaki at may takip na bilao. Binuksan niya at pumasok siya sa loob. Ngayon natakpan siya ng bilao. Hindi nahalata ng ina. Nang matapos na ang ina sa kanyang pagbabayo ay tinawag niya si Rita upang utusan sa pagtatago ng binayo. Hindi sumagot si Rita. Hinanap ng ina sa lahat ng taguan, wala rin rin si Rita roon.

Nang kanyang buhatin ang lalagyan ng bigas may lumabas na maliit na ibon galin sa loob. Kumain ng bigas ang ibong iyon. Ang ibong iyon ay si Rita, ang tinatawag ngayong MAYA.

Ang Kwento ng Balang

Si Magandang-loob ay isang mayamang magbubukid. Ang kanyang palayan ay napakalawak kaya't kung ilarawan ang laki ay karaniwang sinasabing "di malipad ng uwak."

Samantalang si Magandang-loob ay saganang sagana sa buhay, ang mga nanirahan naman sa kanyang purok ai naghihikahhos. Sila'y masissipag at walang sawa sa paaggawa nguni't anuman ang gawin nilang pagsusumikap ay hindi rin sila makakita ng sapat na ikabubuhay.

Si Magandang-loob ay may katiwala na aang paangalan ay Masunurin. Isaang araw, si Masunurin ay tinanong ni Magandang -loob.

"Ang mga tao bas a ating purok ay bibigyan mo ng palay? Sila'y naghhirap at walang makain. Kaawa-awa naman sila."

"Araw-araw po ay bibigyan ko sila," ang sagot I Masunurin. "Hindi po kayatayo kapusin kung magpapatuloy tayo ng pagbibigay araw-araw?"

"Kayo po ang masusunod," ang sang-ayon ni Masunurin.

"Maalala ko pala, Masunurin," ang habol ni Magandang-loob, "bibigyan mo rin sila ng mga gulay at bungangkahoy. Maraaami tayong gualy at bungangkahhoy at malamang na masira lamang. Mabutttng ipaamigay kaysa sa mabulok."

"Gagawin ko po ang lahat ng inyong ipinagbilin," ang sagot ni Masunurin.

Dahil sa kabaitan ni Magandang-loob, siya'y napamahal sa lahat ng naninirahan sa purok na iyon. Ang bagay na ito ayumabot sa kaalaman ni Maiinggitin kaya't umisip agad si Mainggitin ng paraan upang si Magandang-loob ay mapasama sa kanyang mga kapit-bahay.

Isang araw, si Mainggitin ay nagsadya sa tahanan ni Magandang-loob, "Magandang araw sa iyo, Magandang-loob, "ani Mainggitin.

"Aba, Mainggitin," ang masayang bati ni Magandang-loob, Mabuti't naparito ka, maupo ka. Masunurin, magpasok ka nga ng maiinom. May panauhin tayo."

Matapos ang kamustahan, si Mainggitin ay tiningnan ni Magandang-loob.

"Ano ba, Maingitin ang dahilan at napadalaw ka sa akin? May maitutulong ba ako sa iyo?"

Si Mainggitin ay ngumiti muna bago sumagot.

"Sa maitutulong, Magandang-loob, ay wala. Manapa'y ako ang maay maitutulong sa iyo kaya ako ay nagsadya rito."

"Maitutulong saa akin?" ang nagtatakang wwwwika ni Magandang-loob. " Ano aaang ibig mong sabihin, Mainggitin?"

"Makinig ka, Magandang-loob. Ikaw ay kaibbigan ko kaya't hindi ko gustong umabot sa iyo ang nangyari sa akin. Noong una ay katulad mo rin akong maawain at mapaglimos sa kapwa. Sukat na ang Makita kong naghihirap sa buhay ang aking mga kaibigan ay padadalhan ko agad ng pagkain at salapi. Ang akala ko'y mabuti ang gayon. Iyon pala ay paagsisisihan ko lamang."

"At bakit?" ang tanong ni Magandang-loob.

"Sapagka't iyang mga ginagawa mong kabutihang-loob ngayon ay siya ring magpapanganyaya sa iyo," ani Mainggitin. "Isipin mo ang sinabi ko sa iyo, Magandang-loob, at natitiyak kong tuturringin mong wasto."

Nang si Mainggitin ay makaalis, si Magandang-loob ay matagal na nag-isip.Tila nga naman may katwiran si Maingitin. Bakit niya iisipin ang kabuhayan ng iba? Kung siya naman ang mawalan ng makakain, may tutulong kaya sa kanya."

"Masunurin," ang tawag ni "Magandang-loob, "Masunurin, halika't may ipag-uutos ako sa iyo."

Nang si Masunurin ay makaharap na sa kanya, ang utusan ay binigyaan niyaa ng ganitong bilin:

"Mula ngayon, Masunurin, ay huwag mo ng bigyan ng palay, gulay, at bungangkahoy an gating mga kapitbahay. Sapat na ang naibboogay natin sa kanila. Tayo man ay nangangailangan ng pagkain. Kailangan tipirin natin ang palay na natitipon sa kamalig upang hindi tayo kapusin."

"Iyan nga po ang sinasabi ko sa inyo," ang sang-ayon naman ni Masunurin. "Hayaan po ninyo at wala silang makukuhang palay mula ngayon."

Magbuhat noon,ay nagkaguton na ang mga tao sa Santa Monica. Sa gutom ng mga tao, pati na ang ugat ng mga damo at ugat ng mga kahoy aykanilang kinakain. Dumating ang araw na ang lahat ay wala ng magawang paraan upang maligtas sa kagutuman. Ang mga naninirahan sa puok ay nagtipon-tipon sa liwasan at nagpulong upang pasiyahan kung ano ang dapat nilang gawin.

"Ang mabuti ay tumawag tayo sa Dakilang Lumikha," ang payo ng isang matanda. "Siya ang nakapangyayari sa lahat at Siya ang dapat magpasya sa ating kapalaran."

At gayon nga ang inawa ng mga taga-purok. Nagsiluhod silang lahat at tumawag sa Dakilang Lumikha upang silay tulungan sa kanilang pangangailangan.

"Magandang-loob!" ang malakas na tawag ng Dakilang Lumikha, " halika't sagutin mo ang mga itatanong ko sa iyo!"

"Si Magandang-loob, "ani Dakilang Lumikha, "bakit ka nagmamaramot sa mga mahihirap? Bakit mo tinitiis na mamamtay sa guttom ang iyong mga kapit-bahay? Hindi ba't ang unang tungkuling itinuro ko sa iyo ay ang pagtulong sa iyong kapwa? Nalimutan mo na ba ang lupa't kayamanang ibinigay ko sa iyo ay hnddi upang sarilinin kundi upang gamitin sa pagtulong sa iyong kapwa?"

Si Magandang-loob ay sasagot pa sana upang mangatwiran nguni't pinandilatan siya ni Dakilang Lumikhaa. Nasilaw siya at halos napasubsob sa lupa.

"Sulong, Magandang-loob!" ang utos ni Dakilang Lumikha. "Pumasok ka sa loob ng kamalig at tingnan mo ang nangyari sa palay mong ipinagmamaramot sa iyong kapwa!"

Si Magandang-loob ay nakatungong sumugod sa kanyang kamalig, at anong laking himala! Isang malakas na ugong ang bumulaga sa kanyang mga tainga at susunsusong maliliit na kulisap ang nag-unahang lumabas sa pintong nakabukas. Hindi naglaon at ang papawiri'y nagdilim sa dami ng mga kulisap na nagliparan. Ang mga iyon ang unang balang sa daigdig.

Ang Kwento ng Kalabaw

Ang susunod na kwento ay nagpapaliwanag kung bakit masikip ang balat ng kalabaw at malwang naman ang sa baka.

Si Mang Catalino ay matagumpay na mambubukid. Katunayan, umunlad ang kanyang kabuhayan dahil sa pagbubungkal ng lupa at paghahalaman. Kung siya'y may matatawag na kahinaan sa buhay, ito'y ang masyadong kasipagan. Siya'y trabaho nang trabaho. Ngunit ang araw ng Linggo ay kanyang ipinangingilin. Siya'y hindi nakalilimot magsimba.

Maagang-maaga noon. Kinalagan ni Mang Catalino si Kalakian sapagkat ito'y nakatali sa ilalim ng kamatsili. Gusto niyang pumunta sa gutaran upang mag-araro.

Si Kalakian ay nagsalita, "Mang Catalino, yayamang ang araw na ito ay aming kaarawan, Araw ng mga Hayop, maanong kami'y inyong pahintulutang magsaya."

"Anong ibig mong sabihin?"

"Ang araw na ito'y ituring ninyong pangolin. Huwag ninyo kaming papagtrabahuhin."

"Sinong kami?" tanong ni Mang Catalino.

"Kami po ni Baka."

"Anong gusto ninyong gawin?" pag-uulit sa unang tanong.

"Kami po ni Baka ay gusting magliwaliw sa ilog. Gusto naming lumangoy at maglaro."

"Oo. Pahihintulutan ko kayo ngunit pagdating ng ikasampu, kayo'y uuwi. May pupuntahan tayo. Hindi ko na kayo dapat pang sunduin."

Masayang-masay ang dalawa. Si Baka ay umunga nang malakas at mahaba. Sila'y nagpunta sa ilog. Ito'y hindi naman kalayuan.

Nang naliligo na ang dalawa si Baka ay nagtanong, "Kaibigan, ikaw ba'y kuntento na sa iyong buhay?"

"Oo, at ikaw?" sagot-tanong ng kalabaw.

"Ako'y maligaya. Mabait an gating amo. Kahit maghapong nag-aararo, sagana naman tayo sa pagkain. Nawawala agad ang pagod ko kung ako'y makapaklublob sa putik. Bakit naitanong mo iyan?"

"Di nga't palagay ko ay ganito na lamang tayo habambuhay, walang pag-asenso."

"Bakit naman?"

Si Baka ay hindi sumagot.

Sa kalalangoy at kalalaro ng dalawa, hindi nila nahalata na tanghali nap ala. Mag-iikalabindalawa na, katanghaliang pipitik.

Narito na si Mang Catalino at sila'y kinakaon. Malayo pa ay nakita na nilang may dalang pamalo. Hindi naman sila binubulyawan. Sila'y dali-daling umahon. Sila'y Dumako sa may balanggutan at doon nagbihis. Naroon ang kanilang damit.

Sa pagmamadali at takot sa panginoon, ang dinampot na damit ni Kalakian ay ang kay Baka at ang nakuha naman ni Baka ang kay Kalakian. Sila'y nagkapalit. Dali-dali nilang isinuot ang saplot upang huwag silang abutan.

Takbhan ang dalawa pauwi. Hirap na hirap si Kalakian sa pagtakbo sapagkat ang suot na damit ay sikip na sikip. Ang suot naman ni Baka ay napakaluwang at nakasalampay lamang.

Mula noon ang kalabaw ay iimpang-impang kung lumakad at si Baka nama'y mabilis humagpay at kumilos. Iyan ang dahilan kung bakit masikip ang balat ng Kalabaw at Maluwang naman ang sa Baka.

Ang Kwento ng Baboy Ramo

Noong bata pa ang panahon at di pa dumaraong sa ating dalampasigan ang mga Kastila, may isang makapangyarihang sultang namuno sa isang pinakamalaking kaharian sa Lu-sung. Siya ay kinatatakutan ng kanyang mga sakop dahil sa kanyang kalupitan at kaimbihan ng kanyang mga kawal. Siya ay si Raha Sibasib.

Kung gaano kabuhong ang raha gayon naman ang ganda ng anak nitong prinsesa. Bukod sa gandang panloob ay maganda rin ang ugali.Siya ay si Prinsesa Liwayway. Maraming mga Prinsipe, Datu at Sultan sa iba't ibang kaharian ang nagsasadya sa ama upang hingin ang kanyang kamay.

Noon si Prinsesa Liwayway ay hindi na Malaya sapgka't ang kanyang puso ay nakatali na sa pangangalaga ng isang mangangaso si Matapang. Siya ay dalita. Ang kanyang tirahan ay isang maliit na dampa sa paanan ng bundok. Siya ay dalubhasa sa paggamit ng pana at busog. Kahit ibong lumilipad sa pawiwirin ay kanyang napaptamaan ng pana sa isang binit lamang.

Sapagka't si Matapang ay isa lamang alipin hindi siya makatuntong sa loob ng palasyo. Ang magkasintahan ay panakaw na nagtatagpo sa mga liblib na pook. Oras na malaman ng Sultan ang kanilang pag-iibigan iya'y nangangahulugan ng pagtagpas sa ulo ng binata.

Ang napili ng Sultan upang pakasalan ni Prinsesa Liwayway ay anak ni Sultan Mataas na ang kaharian ay karatig ng kay Sibasib hindi nakursunadahan ni Liwayway ang lalaki pagka't lagpas na sa gulang at pangit. Hindi napagbago ang pagtatangi ni Liwayway kay Matapang bagaman ang binata'y kinasusuklaman ng ama.

Nang ang magkasintahan ay nagtagpo sa pugad ng aliw, sila'y namtaan ng tagasubaybay ng Sultan. Isinumbong nito sa Sultan ang nakita upang siya'y mapuri sa kanyang paglilingkod. Nang malaman ito ni Sultan Sibasib ay ipinatawag niya ang Prinsesa.

"Tunay nga bang kinakatagpo mo si Matapang, ang dukhang mangangaso ng kabundukan?" tanong ng ama.

"Opo, amang Sultan," sagot ni Liwayway. "Kami po'y nag-iibigan."

Walang pagsidlan ng galit ang Sultan. "Wala kang turing!" ang sigaw. "Ikaw ay Prinsesa, isang dugong mahal at anak ng pinakamakapangyarihang Sultan. Ipagkakaloob mo ba ang iyong pagmamahal sa isang alipin? Hindi ba sinabi ko sa iyo na ikaw ay akin nang naipagkasundo sa anak ni Raha Mataas? Ikaw ay ipakakasal ko sa kanya sa darating na kabilugan ng buwan!"

"Subalit Ama ko," ang daing ng Prinsesa. "Ang anak ni Raha Mataas ay napakatanda para sa akin.Siya'y para ko nang ama! Siya'y hindi ko iniibig!"

"Magtigil ka, Liwayway. Hindi mo na muli pang makikita ang lalaking iyan," at dagling ipinatawag ng Sultan si Atungal ang pinakamabangis na kawal na tribo.

"Atungal," ang sigaw na pautos, "dalhin mo sa dampa ni Matapang ang iyong mga kaaway. Iligpit mo ang binatang iyon. Patayin mo na parang aso ! Ipakita mo sa akin ang kanyang ulo. Kayo'y aking gagantimpalaan. Kung hindi madala rito ang kanyang ulo ang inyong mga ulo ang kapalit!"

Dumating sa kaalaman ni Liwayway. Palihim na pinuntahan ng Prinsesa si Matapang upang sagipin siya sa panganib.

Nang dumating doon ang Prinsesa si Matapang ay naghuhukay ng mga lamang-ugat sa tabi ng batis. May luhang isinalaysay ng dalaga sa binata ang napipinhtong panganib.Batid nilang dalawa kung ano ang kahahantungan ng bababla.

"Mabuting ikaw ay umalis. Lisanin mo ang lugal na ito!" ang pakiusap ni Liwayway. "Magtago ka sa gubat. Maya maya'y narito na si Atungal at ang kanyang mga kawal. Magmadali hangga't may panahon!"

Subali't si Matapang ay ayaw umalis kahit anong gawin pag-ulok ng Prinsesa. Samantalang hinihintay ang pagdating ni Atungal, ang ginwa ni Matapang ay dinukot ang singsing sa kanyang bulsa. Ang singsing na ito'y ibinigay sa kanya ng isang matandang babaeng kanyang iniligtas sa makamandag na ahas sa kagubatan. Nang ipagkaloob ang singsing kay Matapang ang Matanda ay nagtagulilin ng ganito:

"Para sa iyong pusong ginto ang pagkamatulungin, ibinibigay ko ang singsing na ito iya'y makatutulong sa iyo sa mga sandali ng pangangailangan. Ang Diyos ay mabuti sa mga taong may mabuting kalooban. Humingi ka ng anumang kagustuhan at iya'y masusunod."

Nabatid ng binata na ang singsing ay mahiwaga. Ang liwanag na nagmumula rito ay kumikislap.

Tiningnann mabuti ni Matapang ang singsing. Naalala niya ang tagubilin ng matanda, "Humingi ka ng kahilinga'y at iya'y ipagkakaloob. "Siya'y napangiti at ang pag-aagam-agam niya'y naparam. Siya'y nagpalingalinga upang tiyakin ang pagdating ng kawal ng Sultan.

Dumating si Atungal kasama ang kanyang tauhan. Akiba't nila'y mga busog at palaso. Namataan nila si Matapang na nangungubli sa likod ng puno.

"Iyon! Ang ulo ng traidor ay madaling tagpasin. Pihong tayo'y nakasisisguro sa pabuya ni Sultan Sibasib!" sigaw ni Atungal. "Umabanti kayo, mga kawal!"

Nang Makita ni Matapang ang kanilang pagsulong, kanyang tinaas ang singsing at nanalangin, "O dakilang Bathala, ako po'y iligtas mo. Ang hiling ko'y si Atungal at ang kanyang mga kawal ay gawin mong pinakapangit na hayop sa gubat. Sana'y ang kanilang mga sibat ay matanim sa kanilang mga bibig. Sila sana ay tugisin ng mga mangangaso katulad ng pagtugis nila sa akin sa mga sandaling ito."

Halos hindi pa natatapos ang panalangin ni Matapang, isang kata-takang pangyayari ang naganap. Niyanig ang lupa. Nalumbungan ang bundok ng maitim na ulap. Lumakas ang hihip ng hangin. Kumidlat ng matalim. Sina Atungal at mga kawal ay sinakmal ng bagyo. Si Matapang ay hindi naano sa lilim ng punong pinangungublihan.

Nang tumigil ang bagyo, nakita ni Matapang sa lugal na kinlalagyan ni Atungal at ng kanyang mga kawal ang mababangis na hayop na may matalas na pangil!

Mula noon ang mga hayop na naglipana sa pusod ng gubat ay tinawag na baboy-ramo. Sila'y tinutugis ng mga mangangaso. Sila'y hinuhuli bilang aliwan at ang kanilang mga karne ay kinakain pagka't malinamnam.

Ang Kwento ng Alitaptap

Noong unang panahon, ang mga alitaptap ay maliliit na kulisap lamang. Ang mga kulisap na iyon ay walang dala-dalang apoy. Nguni't ito ring mga kulisap na ito ang tinatawag natin ngayong ALITAPTAP. Bakit kaya sila ngayon ay may dal-dalang apoy na kikisap-kisap?

Gaya rin ng mga alitaptap ngayon, ang mga kulisap noong unang panahon ay gabi lamang kung lumipad. Naguni't ayaw na ayaw nila ng mga gabing madilim. Ang ibig nila ay mga gabing maliwanag ang buwan. Kapag madilim ang gabi ay nagtatago sila sa mga damo. Nagtatago sila sa mga dahon at sa mga bulaklak. Sila ay takut na takot. Bakit kaya?

Isang gabing madilim, walang malamang pagtaguan ang mga kulisap na iyon. Nakakita sila ng isang punong sampaguita. Ang ilan sa kanila ay nagkubli sa nga bukong bulaklak nito. Mayroon namang nagkubli sa mga talulot.

"Bakit ba?" ang tanong ng sampaguita. "Bakit ba kayo nagtatago? Bakit ba kayo takot na takot? Kayo ba ay natatakot sa dilim?"

"Hindi kami sa dilim natatakot," ang sagot ng isang kulisap.

"At saan?" ang tanong ng sampaguita.

"Sa mga kabag-kabag," ang sagot ng maraming kulisap.

"Bakit kayo natatakot sa mga kabag-kabag?" ang tanong ng sampaguita. "Inaano b akayo ng mga kabag-kabag?"

"Kami'y kinakain nila," ang sabi ng mga kulisap. "Kapag kami ay nakita nila ay hinuhuli kami at iyon na ang katapusan ng aming buhay."

"Masama naman ang ginagawa sa inyo ng mga kabag-kabag," ang wika ng sampaguita.

"Biruin mo, kay rami ng mga kabag-kabag," ang sabi ng isang kulisap. "Kaya kami ay pakaunti nang pakaunti."

"Mauubos nga kayo kung ganyan," ang wika ng sampaguita. Kaawaawa naman kayo."

"Hindi nga namin malaman kung ano ang aming gagawin," Ang wika ng mga kulisap.

"Eh, bakit kung maliwanag ang gabi ay hindi kayo nagkukubli sa aking puno?" ang tanong ng sampaguita.

"Kung maliwanag ang buwan ay mahirap kaming mahuli ng mga kabag-kabag," ang sagot ng isang kulisap.

"Hindi makakita sa liwanag ang mga kabag-kabag, eh," ang dugtong ng isang kulisap.

"Sila ay nasisilaw sa liwanag," ang dugtong pang uli ng isang kulisap.

"Ganoon pala. Hindi pala makakita sa liwanag," ang sabi ng sampaguita. "Tuturuan ko kayo kung ano and dapat ninyong gawin."

"Ano ba? Ano ba ang dapat naming gawin?" ang tanong ng bawa't kulisap.

"Bawa't isa sa inyo ay magdala ng apoy," ang sabi ng sampaguita. "Pagkatapos ay magsabay-sabay kayong lumabas. Matatakot sila sa inyo. Hindi nila kayo malalapitan."

"Oo nga, siya nga," ang sabay-sabay na sabi ng ilang kulisap.

"Mabuti nga, ano?" ang sabi pa rin ng ibang kulisap.

Ganoon na nga ang ginawa ng mga kulisap. Isang gabing madilim, ang bawa't isa sa kanila ay nagdala ng apoy, pagkatapos ay nagsabay-sabay silang lumabas. Naku! Para silang alipatong lumilipad. Hindi nga naman sila malapitan ng mga kabag-kabag.

Anong tuwa ng mga kulisap. Lumipad sila nang paikut-ikot sa punong sampaguita.

"Salamat sa iyo, Sampaguita. Kami ngayon ay malaya na."

Mula na noon tuwing lalabas ang mga kulisap pag madilim ang gabi nagdadala sila ng apoy. Ang mga kulisap na iyon din ang tinatawag ngayong "ALITAPTAP."

Ang Kabayo at Ang Kalabaw

Isang magsasaka ang nais manirahan sa ibang bayan kaya isang araw
ay inipon niya ang kanyang mga gamit at inilulan sa kanyang alagang
kabayo at kalabaw. Maaga pa ay sinimulan na nila ang mahabang
paglalakbay.

Makaraan ang ilang oras ay nakaramdam ng matinding pagod at pang-
hihina ang kalabaw dahil sa bigat ng kanyang pasang gamit.

"Kaibigang kabayo, di hamak na mas mabigat ang pasan kong gamit
keysa sa iyo. Maaari bang tulungan mo ako at pasanin mo yung iba?"
pakiusap ng kalabaw.

"Aba, yan ang ipinataw sa iyong balikat ng ating amo kaya pagtiisan mo,"
anang kabayo na lalo pang binilisan ang paglalakad.

"Parang awa mo na tulungan mo ako. Di ko na kakayanin ang bigat ng
dala ko. Nanghihina ako. Alam mo namang kailangan kong magpalamig
sa ilog kapag ganito katindi ang init ng araw dahil madaling mag-init ang
katawan ko," pakiusap pa rin ng kalabaw.

"Bahala ka sa buhay mo," naiinis na sagot ng kabayo.

Makaraan pa ang isang oras at lalung tumindi ang init ng araw. Hindi
nagtagal at ang kalabaw ay iginupo ng bigat ng kanyang dala at siya
ay pumanaw.

Nang makita ng magsasaka ang nagyari ay kinuha niya ang lahat ng
gamit na pasan ng kalabaw at inilipat sa kabayo na bahagya namang
makalakad dahil sa naging napakabigat ng kanyang mga dalahin.

"Kung tinulungan ko sana si kasamang kalabaw ay hindi naging ganito
kabigat ang pasan ko ngayon," may pagsisising bulong ng kabayo sa
kanyang sarili.

Ang Daga at Ang Leon

Isang daga ang nakatuwaang maglaro sa ibabaw ng isang natutulog na
leon. Kanyang inaakyat ang likuran ng leon at pagdating sa itaas ay
nagpapadausdos siya paibaba.

Sa katuwaan ay di niya napansin na nagising ang leon. Dinakma ng leon
ang daga at hinawakan sa buntot na wari bagang balak siyang isubo at
kainin. Natakot at nagmakaawa ang daga.

"Ipagpaumanhin mo kaibigan. Hindi ko sinasadyang gambalain ka sa
pagtulog mo. Wala akong masamang hangarin. Nakatuwaan ko lang na
maglaro sa iyong likuran. Huwag mo akong kainin" sabi ng daga.

Nabakas ng leon sa mukha ng daga ang tunay na pagmamakaawa.

"Sige, pakakawalan kita pero sa susunod ay huwag mong gambalain
ang pagtulog ko," sabi ng leon.

"Salamat kaibigan. Balang araw ay makagaganti rin ako sa kabutihan mo, "
sagot ng daga.

Lumipas ang maraming araw at minsan sa pamamasyal ng daga sa
kagubatan ay kanyang napansin ang isang lambat na nakabitin sa puno.
Lumapit siya upang mag-usisa at agad niyang nakilala ang leon na nahuli
sa loob ng lambat na ginawang bitag ng mga nangagaso sa kagubatan.

Dali-daling inakyat ng daga ang puno at nginatngat ang lubid na nakatali sa
lambat. Agad namang naputol ang lubid at bumagsak ang lambat kasama
ang leon sa loob. Mabilis na bumaba ang daga at tinulungan ang leon na
nakawala sa lambat.

"Utang ko sa iyo ang aking buhay," laking pasasalamat na sabi ng leon sa
kaibigang daga.

Ang Mga Pulong Ng Mga Hayup

Noong unang panahon ang mga hayop daw ay nakapagsasalita. Minsan si Bathala'y tumawag ng pangkalaahaatang pulong upangpag-usapan kung paano mapangingilaga ng mga hayyop ang walang tuos na pagpuksa sa kanila ng mga tao. Ang pulong ay ginanap s alibis ng isang bunddok.

Ang lahat ng mga hayop ay nagsidalo subali't ang a;litaptap, kabag, lamok, pagong, at gamugamo ay nangahuli. Sila ay isa-isang ipinatawag ni Bathala.

"Bakit ka nahuli?" ang usig ni Bathala."Pagbutihin mo ang sagot upang ako'y masiyahan."

"Ako po," ang simula ng alitaaaaptaap, ay kahapon pa naglalakad. Totoo pong malayo ang aking taahanan na nasa Ikapitong Bundok. Kayo nap o ang bahalang magpaumanhin. Sa gabi po'y makalipad pagka't madilim. Wala akong ilaw."

"Mula ngayo'y ikakabit ko sa katawan mo ang munting parolupang maging tanglaw mo."

Ang kabag naman ang sinulit, "Bakitka nahuli?"

"Ako po'y nahuli pagka't ako'y walang pakpak. Nananaghili po ako sa mga ibon."

"Bibigyan kita ng pakpak," ang mahinaahong sagot ni Bathala. "Alam kong lubha kang mapagnaghiliin. Ang parusa ko sa iyo ay ito - maaari kang lumipad nguni't sa gabi lamang. Sa araw ay di ka makakakita."

"Ang lamok ay dagling humarap kay Bathala. Siya ay lumuluhang nagsalysaay, "Patawarin ninyo po aako. Nangangamba akong dahil sa aking kaliitan, ako'y hamakin ng aking mga kasaaama. Sadya po akong nagpahuli.

"Ah, gayon ba?" ang sagot no Bathala. " Upang maipagsanggalang mo ang iyong sarili kahit ka maliit ay bibigyaan kita ng mabuting kasangkapan. Sa pamamagitan nitong tukang tila karayom ay masissigid mo ang sinuman at tuloy masisisip ang kanyang dugo."

"Marami pong salamat, Bathala dakila."

"Doon po sa aming nayon," ang sumbong ng pagong, "ay kayraming magnanaakaw. Malingat lamang ng kaunti ang iyong paningin ay wala na kayong ari-arian sa loob ng inyong tahanan. Akin po munang hinakot at inihabilin sa aking kumara ang lahat ng kasangkapan ko."

"Mula ngayon, sa paglakad mo ay lagi mong dadalhin ang iyong bahay."

Ang kahuli-huling tinawag ay ang bayawak. "Ano naman ang dahilan mo ngayon? Mainam kang magtahi-tahi ng salita."

"Bathala, sa akin pong pagparito ay aking inanyayahan si gamugamo. Nguni't napakabagal po niya at takot sa dala kong ilaw."

"Takot sa ilaw! Sabihin mo'y ang gamugamo'y nagpapakamatay sa liwanag. Magtigil ka nga! Sinungaling ka! Masdan mo dalawa ngayon ang iyong dila!"

Ang pulong ay natapos kaya't ang lahat ay nagsiuwi sa kani-kanilang tahanan na dala ang pinagkaloob sa kanila ni Bathala.

Ang Palaka at ang Uwang

Matahimik at masayang namumuhay sina Palaka, Gagamba at Susuhong sa lugar na iyon nang biglang dumating si Uwang. Hindi lamang matakaw ito sa pagkain ng dahon at maingay ang ugong, ito rin ay sadyang mapanudyo. Kapag pinagbawalan o pinagpagunitaan, ito’y nagbabanta pang manakit o maminsala.

Isang araw, tahimik na nanginginain si Susuhong sa tabi ng sapa nang bigla na lamang siyang suwagin ni Uwang. Nahulog siya sa agos at tinangay siya sa dakong malalim. Mabuti na lamang at nakapangunyapit siya sa isang yagit, kaya nakaahon siya sa pampang.

Minsan naman. Gumawa si Gagamba ng isang napakagandang sapot. Ipinagmalaki niya iyon kna Palaka at Susuhong. Natuwa rin ang dalawa at pinuri si Gagamba. Subalit kinabukasan, nang naghahanap ng makakain si Gagamba, hindi niya alam na winasak na ni Uwang ang kanyang sapot. Gayon na lamang ang kanyang panlulumo habang si Uwang naman ay patudyong nagtatawa.

Si Palaka naman ay sinuwag ni Uwang ng mga sungay nito, isang araw na nagpapahinga siya sa may batuhan. Namaga ang kanyang nguso ng ilang araw. Kaya ang magkakaibigan ay nagpasya isang araw. Hahamunin nila sa isang paligsahan si Uwang. Ang ilalaban nila ay si Palaka.

”Payag ako,” sabi ni Uwang nang mabatid ang paligsahan. “Kung kayo ay magwagi, lalayasan ko na ang lugar nai to. Kung ako naman ang magwagi, kayo’y magiging sunud-sunuran sa akin.”

Nagpalutang sila sa isang malapad na dahon sa gitna ng sapa. Mag-uunahan sina Palaka at Uwang sa pagsakay doon.

“Tiyak na ako ang magwawagi,” pagmamalaki ni Uwang dahil alam niyang mabilis niyang maikakampay ang kanyang pakpak.

Sinimulan ang paligsahan. Pumaimbulog pa si Uwang habang si Palaka naman ay mabilis nang glumangoy patungo sa dahon. Mula sa itaas, sumisid si Uwang, patungo sa dahon na inaanod sa gitna ng sapa.

Ngunit nagkasabay sila sa pag-abot sa dahon. Kasabay ng pagsakay dito ni Palaka, dumapo naman si Uwang. Sa bigat nilang dalawa, lumubog ang dahon at kapwa nahulog sila sa tubig. Ang nabiglang si Uwang ay natangay ng agos.

“Tulungan mo ako, Palaka. Hindi ako marunong lumangoy,” pakiusap ni Uwang.

Hindi siya pinansin ni Palaka. Umahon ito sa pampang at sinalubong ng mga kaibigang sina Gagamba at Susuhong.

“Mabuti nga sa kanya,” sabi ni Palaka nang hindi na matanaw si Uwang.

Mula noon, nagbalik na ang katahimikan at kasayahan ng pamumuhay ng tatlo sa pook na iyon.

Ang Aso at Ang Pusa

Isang araw, ang Aso ay nakahuli ng isang ibon. Samantalang pinagpapasasaan niya iyon, isang munting buto ang nahalang sa kanyang lalamunan. Hindi niya maalis ang bikig na napakasakit. Sa matinding paghihirap ay napahalinghing nang ubod-lakas.

Tumakbo siya kung saan-saan upang humanap ng makapag-aalis ng kanyang bikig. Parang nagmamakaawang ipinangangako niya sa kaninumang mahilingan ng tulong na ibibigay niya ang anumang mayroon siya sa makaaalis ng kaniyang bikig at tinik sa kanyang lalamunan.

Tumihaya na ang Aso at ibinuka ang kaniyang bunganga. Ipinasok naman ng Pusa ang kaniyang ulo hanggang sa liig ng aso upang alisin ang bikig.

Pagkabunot ng bikig, ang Pusa ay nagsalita.

“Ibigay mo na ang aking gantimpala.”

Umangil ang Aso. Inilabas niya ang matatalim na pangil. “Magpasalamat ka, at naipasok mo ang iyong ulo sa aking bunganga at nailabas mo pa rin nang hindi ka napahamak”, wika ng Aso na wari pang nanunumbat.

Ang Palaka at Ang Kalabaw

Isang araw ay humahangos na umuwi ang magkapatid na palaka.

"Itay, itay, nakakita po kami ni kuya ng higanteng bakulaw sa palayan.
May matutulis na sungay at mahabang buntot. At ang itim ng kulay,
nakakatakot! po!" sigaw ng batang palaka.

"Ha ha ha! Kalabaw ang nakita ninyo at hindi higanteng bakulaw,"
natatawang sagot ng amang palaka.

"Eh, bakit po ang laki-laki niya?" tanong ng batang palaka.

"Wala yun! Tingnan nyo ako, kaya ko rin palakihin ang katawan ko, "
pagmamayabang ng amang palaka. Huminga siya ng malalim at
pinalaki ang kanyang tiyan.

"Mas malaki pa po siya sa inyo," anang batang palaka.

"Ganun?" Suminghot pa ng malalim ang amang palaka at lalung
pinalaki ang kanyang tiyan. "Ganito ba kalaki?" tanong niya.

"Mas malaki pa rin diyan!" sagot ng batang palaka.

Ibinuhos ng amang palaka ang kanyang lakas at suminghot ng
suminghot ng napakalalim hanggang sa naging napakalaki na ng
kanyang tiyan. Maya-maya pa ay bigla silang nakaring ng malakas
na "Pop!". Yun pala ay sumabog ang tiyan na siyang ikinamatay ng
ng amang palaka.

Ways To Know You Are A Filipino

1. You point with your lips
2. You nod upwards to greet someone.
3. You collect items from hotels or restaurants "for souvenir".
4. You smile for no reason.
5. You flirt by having a foolish grin in your face while raising your eyebrows repeatedly.
6. You go to a department store and try to bargain the prices.
7. You add an unwarranted "H" to your name, i.e. "Jhun," "Bhoy," "Rhon."
8. You put your hands together in front of you as if to make a path and say "excuse, excuse" when you pass in between people or in front of the TV
9. You like everything imported or "state-side."
10. You Check the labels on clothes to see where it was made before buying.
11. You always offer food to all your visitors.
12. You say "comfort room" instead of "bathroom."
13. You say "for take out" instead of "to go."
14. You asked for "Colgate" instead of "toothpaste."
15. You asked for a "pentel-pen" or a "ball-pen" instead of just "pen."
16. You order a McDonald's instead of "hamburger"(pronounced ham-boor-jer)
17. You say "Ha?" instead of "What."
18. You say "Hoy" to get someone's attention.
19. You answer when someone yells "Hoy."
20. You turn around when someone says "Psst!"
21. Your sneeze sounds like "ahh-ching" instead of "ahh-choo."
22. You prefer to make acronyms for phrases such as "OA" for over acting, or "TNT" for, well, you know.
23. You say "air con" instead of "a/c" or air conditioner.
24. You say "brown-out" instead of "black-out."
25. You have a portrait of "The Last Supper" hanging in your dining room.
26. You own a Karaoke System.
27. You own a piano that no one ever plays.
28. You own a "barrel man" (you pull up the barrel and you see something that looks familiar. schwing...)
29. You refer to your VCR as a "beytamax
30. You have a giant wooden fork and spoon hanging somewhere in the dining room
31. Your car has too many "burloloys" like a Jipneys back in P.I.
32. You hang a Rosary on your car's rear view mirror.
33. You order a "soft drink" instead of a "soda."
34. You refer to seasonings and all other forms of monosodium glutimate as "Ajinomoto"
35. This you 'll agree 100% ... Goldilocks" means more to you than just a character in a fairytale.

Pilosopo

MR DANILO: "I am your teacher, I am good in three languages."
PIKAW: "What are the subjects you're good at?"
MR DANILO: "Oh, I like Math and English."
PIKAW: "How do you say 'good morning' in Algebra?"

Asenso Na

IDOT: "Kumusta na? Long time no see ah!"

BONI: "Kararating ko lang galing sa Africa."

IDOT: "Africa?"

BONI: "Doon kami nadestino."

IDOT: "Hindi ba maraming cannibals doon?"

BONI: "Nakakatakot nga, pero mga edukado na ngayon sila."

IDOT: "Hindi na ba sila kumakain ng tao?"

BONI: "Nangangain pa rin ng tao, pero gumagamit na ng kutsara!"

Funny & True Pinoy Signs Found While Traveling

No parking and repair here - sign on a house beside a car repair shop

Taxi and outside cars not allowed - sign at a parking lot

No Crossing Pedestrians will be apprehended. - sign at Philcoa

Sorry for the inconvenient. - typical roadwork sign

Your taxes is working. Temporarily close. Yet another typical roadwork sign

Slow Men at Work - PLDT sign

Please help our comfort room clean. - sign at a self-service restaurant in Cebu

Fresh frozen chicken sold here - sign in a Baguio grocery

Welcome to the only Catholic Country in Asia! Beware of pickpockets - sign near a Church

None ID, nothing entry - sign at construction site, Cubao

No trispassing. If you trispass, you will be biten by d?dog. - sign in Tondo

now showing- the carpenters - on a sign outside a construction site

Jojo's Beauty Salon, for man and woman - on a billboard in Pampanga

Barya lang po sa umaga - sign in jeeps

Johnny's, the Fried of Marikina - they sell tasty fried chicken, guess where?

Petal attraction - pangalan ng isang flower shop

"...experience is needed but not required.."- sa classified ads

This one is not in Pinas pero pwede na rin siguro: A church sign in front of the priest's reserved parking space: THOU SHALT NOT Park Here!

Maruya Carey, BananaramaCue - sa menu signboard sa Potato Corner kiosk sa Greenbelt

Actual store names in Metro Manila believe it or not:

Ali Baka (Shawarma)

Anita BakeryActual store names in Metro Manila believe it or not:

Beefer 150 ( Meat Shop )

Common Cents Store ( Sari-sari Store )

Crispy per minute ( Crispy Pata Eatery )

Curl Up And Dye ( Beauty Salon )

Doris Day And Night

Elizabeth Tailoring

Farmacia With Love ( A Drugstore )

Felix the Cut ( Barber Shop )

Goldirocks ( Gravel & Sand Shop )

Labo Optical

Mane Attraction ( Beauty Parlor )

Meating Place ( Meat Shop )

Memory Drug ( A Mercury Drug Clone )

Nacho Fast ( Nachos To Go )

Passers Buy ( Convenience Store )

R. Maramot Leasing (A Batangas Co.)

Saudia Hairlines ( Beauty Salon )

Scissors Palace ( Barber shop )

Second Time Around ( Second Hand Watch Store )

TapSi TurBi ( Tapa, Sinangag, Turon at Bibingka

The Way We Wear ( Boutique )

Wash & Carry ( Laundromat )

MacDonuts ( Donut Shop )

Mat & Jeep ( Jeep Accessories Shop )

Mercy Buko ( Fresh Coconut Roadside Shop )

Pizza Hot ( Pizza Place )

Your Best Vet ( Veterinary Clinic )

I saw this bakery in Project 6. It's called Bread Pitt.

My friend saw a sign infront of a 7-11 Convenience store being built. It says "sorry for the inconvenience"

Lito...Lapida Maker!

King Tuckee's Fried Tsiken....

Jullibee's wonder Chicken...

Cheeny's Roasters...

"original 1935 pandesal for sale" - A pandesal shop in aurora boulevard

"cinavon" -- with matching cinema film type logo laundromat

Mang Donalds - burger shop in pasig town proper

Cooking ng ina mo - on a carinderia

Cooking ng ina mo rin - right across cooking ng ina mo

We make modern and antique furnitures - along a highway in Pampanga

On the Ofc door of Atty. Domingo Carriedo fr. Cebu: the sign says, Notary Public Tumatanggap din po ng labada tuwing Linggo.

Gloria Macapagal Arroyo

(2001-2009)
14th Philippine President
5th Republic

Gloria Macapagal-Arroyo, holds many records. Elected as Senator during her first try 1992 and was re-elected in 1995. She was sworn in as the 14th President of the Philippines on January 20, 2001 by Chief Justice Hilario Davide, Jr. after the Supreme Court unanimously declared the position of the President vacant, the second woman to be swept into the presidency by a peaceful People Power Revolution or also known as the EDSA II.

The president is the daughter of the late President Diosdado and Eva Macapagal who were well known for their integrity and simple but dignified lifestyle. During the Presidency of Diosdado Macapagal, the Philippines was second only to Japan economic progress in Asia.

President Gloria Macapagal-Arroyo, born in April 5, 1947, was valedictorian of her high school class at Assumption Convent, was consistent on the Dean’s List in Georgetown University in Washington D.C. and graduated magna cum laude at Assumption College. She obtained a Master’s degree in Economics from the Ateneo de Manila and a doctorate degree in Economics from the University of the Philippines.

Macapagal-Arroyo joined the Philippine government in 1986 during the administration of President Corazon Aquino, who appointed her Undersecretary of Trade and Industry during her tenure in the Senate, she authored 55 laws on economic and social reforms and was named outstanding Senator several times. When she was elected Vice President, President Joseph Estrada appointed her as concurrent Secretary of Social Welfare and Development, a post she held until her resignation from the Cabinet on October 12, 2000.

Joseph Ejercito Estrada

(1998-2001)
13th Philippine President
5th Republic

Joseph Estrada is the ninth president of the Third Republic of the Philippines. He was born on April 19, 1937 in Tondo, Manila. He is the eight of the ten children of Emilio Ejercito and Maria Marcelo. Estrada studied at the Ateneo de Manila University and took up engineering at the Mapua Institute of Technology. He was in his third year in college when he decided to try the movies.
Displeased with his decision to drop out of college, his parents forbade him to use his family name, which forced him to adopt “Estrada” as a screen name and “Erap” (“Pare” or friend when spelled backward) as a nickname.
In 1974, he founded the Movie Workers Welfare Fund (MOWELFUND) that provides movie industry workers with financial and professional assistance.

Estrada entered politics when he ran for Mayor in San Juan in 1968. he was only proclaimed mayor in 1969, after he won an electoral protest against Dr. Braulio Sto. Domingo. As mayor (1969-1986), Estrada was named one of the Ten Outstanding Young Men (TOYM) in Public Administration (1972). He was also named most Outstanding Mayor and Foremost Nationalist (1972), and most Outstanding Metro Manila Mayor (1972). He won a seat in the senate in 1987 and chaired the Committee on Cultural Minorities and Rural Development on September 16, 1991, he voted for the rejection of the Treaty of Friendship, Cooperation, and Security, which ended the stay of the United States military bases in the Philippines.
He was elected vice president in 1992. He was appointed chairman of the Presidential Anti-Crime commission (PACC).
He was elected President of the Philippines in 1998 to January 20, 2001.
He is married to Luisa Pimentel with whom he has three children
The problems of the Estrada administration reached a crescendo in 2000. Bugged by the intensifying insurgency in Mindanao and a series of natural and man-made calamities nationwide, the new administration poorly restored hope of a bright future. Then came the BW Resources anomaly, which Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) Chairman Perfecto Yasay blamed on the president.
In October, Ilocos Sur Governor Luis "Chavit" Singson, a former friend and close ally of the president, exposed that the president received about P500 million from jueteng kickbacks and excise tax from the Ilocos region. Corruption charges against the president ensued which spawned the dramatic passage of the Articles of Impeachment by the House of Representatives led by Speaker Manuel Villar on November 13.
The Senate then convened itself as an Impeachment tribunal and began the process on December 7. The House prosecutors presented more than 30 witnesses, mostly women, who testified that the president was involved in several irregular transactions. One witness, Clarissa Ocampo, a senior vice-president of Equitable-PCI Bank, claimed he saw the president affix a different signature, Jose Velarde, on a multi-million Peso bank transaction.
The defense panel, composed of the brightest lawyers in the country, and the majority party senator-judges, questioned the materiality and relevance of Ocampo’s testimony. Supreme Court Chief Justice Hilario Davide ruled that Ocampo’s testimony would only be considered if the prosecution panel could prove that the multi-million bank account came from irregular transactions.
On January 16, the House prosecutors were about to establish the missing link by opening an envelope, which they claimed would prove that the president had amassed P3.3 billion in ill-gotten wealth, when 11 senator-judges voted not to open the envelope. This prodded Senate President Aquilino Pimentel to resign, the House prosecutors and complainants to walk out, and the viewing public to storm to the historic intersection of EDSA and Ortigas in Mandaluyong City – the start of the 5-day People Power 2 at EDSA, that would force President Joseph Estrada to leave office.
Former Presidents Fidel Ramos and Corazon Aquino, Manila Archbishop Jaime Cardinal Sin, students, office workers, activists, lay people, laborers, politicians and celebrities joined the furious crowd in asking for the resignation of the president. On January 18, Nora Aunor stunned everyone when she joined the rally, publicly admitting her previous relationship with the president, and called him a woman-beater. The following day, Defense Secretary Orlando Mercado, Interior and Local Government Secretary Alfredo Lim, the military generals, and the police officers withdrew their support from the president, as foretold by former President Ramos.
In the morning of January 19, the president was guided out of Malacanang by Armed Forces Chief of Staff General Angelo Reyes to give way to a new president, a woman. Vice-President Gloria Macapagal-Arroyo took his oath as the 14th president before Chief Justice Davide at noontime. She formally began her term in office on January 22, the same day the new US President George Bush was inaugurated at the White House.
At present, Estrada is back to the arms of his legitimate wife. One of his mistresses, Laarni Enriquez, flew to Hong Kong during the heat of the Impeachment trial. His friends like Lacson, Charlie Ang, Jaime Dichaves, and Nora Aunor also abandoned him. Much worse, one of his alleged illegitimate daughters, Josephine Rose Ejercito, said his father deserved what he got.
The Arroyo administration is preparing criminal charges against Estrada. The president said he was ready to face the music and prove his innocence. Ironically, he claimed that the controversial second envelope, which triggered the People Power 2, should have been opened in the first place.

Fidel Valdez Ramos

(1992-1998)
12th Philippine President
5th Republic

Ramos, Fidel Valdez (1928- ), Filipino soldier and politician, President from 1992 to 1998, and one of the leaders of the 1986 EDSA revolution in the Philippines that drove President Ferdinand Marcos from power. Fidel “Eddie” Ramos was the son of a diplomat and legislator who served as Secretary of Foreign Affairs. After winning a government scholarship to the United States Military Academy at West Point and studying engineering at the University of Illinois, he saw active service in the Korean War and was Chief of Staff (1966-1968) to the Philippine Civil Action Group in Vietnam.

His service to the state continued through the Marcos years, during which he headed the Philippine Constabulary (now the Philippine National Police) and served as Vice-Chief of Staff of the armed forces for five years. Ramos was also identified as one of the “Rolex Twelve”, the group of close associates of the president. However, he switched sides in the struggle for power in February 1986, aligning himself with Corazon Aquino and the “People Power” movement against Marcos. He and Juan Ponce Enrile led the resistance to Marcos centred on two military camps. He was rewarded with promotion to Chief of Staff and then, in January 1988, with the post of Defence Minister in Aquino’s government. He increased his popularity during these years by helping to defeat a series of coup attempts against Aquino.

Aquino nominated Ramos as her choice for President in the 1992 elections. Ramos won a narrow victory to become the 12th president of the Philippine Republic. His immediate priorities were to deal with the energy crisis and the economy; he tackled economic problems through policies of fiscal transparency and deregulation, as well as less popular methods such as extending value added tax. Ramos also sought to end insurgencies by Communist and Muslim rebels, and formed a National Unification Commission in August 1992 to oversee this. In the same month he gave permission for the return of Ferdinand Marcos’s remains to the Philippines. Legislative elections held in June 1995 that were presented by Ramos as a referendum on his administration led to overwhelming victory for his supporters; by this time, his policies had reformed the Philippine economy and lifted its growth rate closer to that of other Pacific Rim “tiger economies”. In October he took personal charge of the government’s campaign against organized crime. The withdrawal of the Lakas ng Edsa party from the ruling coalition weakened Ramos’s support, but he was still able to put through an important economic liberalization package in March 1996. In September the government concluded a landmark agreement with the Muslim secessionist Moro National Liberation Front in Mindanao, ending the long-term insurgency there. Congressional opposition to suspected moves by Ramos to amend the constitution, allowing him to stand for a second term in 1998, led to the ousting in October 1996 of the Senate president Neptali Gonzales, a firm Ramos supporter.

In March 1997 the Philippines Supreme Court rejected a campaign by Ramos supporters to allow a second presidential term, confirming its decision in June. In September 1997 a mass rally in Manila, attended by Cardinal Jaime Sin and Corazon Aquino among others, demonstrated against all efforts to change the constitution to allow Ramos a second term. In December, Ramos duly endorsed his chosen presidential candidate. However, the presidential elections in May 1998 were won by Ramos’s former vice-president, Joseph Estrada.

Endorsed by the outgoing president Corazon Aquino, former defence minister Fidel Ramos narrowly won the 1992 presidential elections in the Philippines. His government successfully enacted economic liberalization measures, invigorating the Philippines’ economy. He also negotiated a peace treaty with the Muslim rebel group in Mindanao, ending a long-standing uprising there.
(1986-1992)
11 Philippine President
5th Republic (Under the new "People Power" Constitution)

Aquino, Corazon (1933- ), Philippine political figure and President of the Philippines (1986-1992).

Corazon (Cory), born Corazon Cojuanco, was the daughter of a wealthy landed family and was educated in Manila and at Roman Catholic convent schools in the United States. She graduated from Mount St Vincent College in New York and studied law at Far Eastern University in Manila. She married Benigno Simeon Aquino (Ninoy) in 1954.

She moved with her husband to the United States following his release from prison in 1980. After his assassination at Manila Airport in 1983, Corazon went to the Philippines for her husband’s funeral and stayed to work in the legislative election campaign. The opposition won one-third of the seats in 1984. Marcos called presidential elections for February 1986, and she became the opposition candidate for president. Marcos, declaring himself victor in the February 7 election, was inaugurated on February 25. An army revolt under Fidel Ramos and others, and demonstrations on her behalf, led to Aquino’s inauguration on the same day, in the so-called EDSA Revolution. Marcos accepted asylum in the United States, while Aquino formed a provisional government. She implemented a new constitution ratified by a landslide popular vote, and held legislative elections in 1987, but opposition within the military, a continuing Communist insurgency, and severe economic problems plagued her presidency. She declined to run for a second term in 1992, yielding the presidency to her favoured candidate Ramos. In 1995 she ran a “Never Again” campaign during national elections to prevent the election of Marcos’s son, Ferdinand Marcos, Jr., and the former army colonel and coup plotter Gregorio Honasan. In 1996 she campaigned to prevent President Ramos from changing the constitution to permit a second presidential term.

Aquino became President and won the enactment of a new constitution in February 1987. Although she won a vote of confidence in legislative elections that May, military unrest, coupled with popular discontent at the slow pace of economic reform, continued to threaten her government. US Air Force jets assisted Philippine government forces in suppressing a coup attempt in December 1989. In 1991 damage from the eruption of Mount Pinatubo in central Luzon led the United States to abandon nearby Clark Air Base; the Philippine senate then refused to renew the lease on the lone remaining US base, Subic Bay Naval Station, which the United States closed in November 1992. Aquino declined to run in the May 1992 presidential election; instead, she endorsed the eventual winner, her former Defence Secretary, Fidel Valdez Ramos.

Corazon Aquino became the first woman president of the Philippines in 1986 when she defeated Ferdinand E. Marcos. After she became president, she abolished the National Assembly and replaced the constitution with a new one that was adopted by popular vote in 1987. She had been married to Benigno Aquino, who was assassinated in 1983.

Ferdinand E. Marcos

1965-1986)
10th Philippine President
3rd Republic
4th Republic (Martial Law, "The New Republic" Parliamentary Government)

Philippine Lawyer and Politician, Ferdinand Marcos was born in Sarrat, Ilocos Norte on September 11, 1917. His parents are Don Mariano Marcos and Doña Josefa Edralin. Marocs studied law in the late 1930’s at the University of the Philippines.
Marcos took up leadership in a time wherein the country was in crisis economically and socially. His goals at that time were to uplift the economic and social condition of all the people using hard-work and self-reliance.
His first term was innovative and inspirational. Marcos embarked on a huge infrastructure program, unifying the scattered islands through a network of roads, bridges, rails and ports, committing all the available resources to development. He carefully

steered the Republic’s diplomacy during a period of transition in international relations, which saw the confrontation of the Cold War give way to peaceful negotiations. He was host to the Vietnam allies at the Manila Summit of 1966, and embarked on intense personal diplomacy throughout the ASEAN (Association of Southeast Asian Nations).
The national problems, however, were much graver than could be solved in any single term of office. Combining into an explosive force were poverty, social inequity and rural stagnation, the burden of centuries coupled with rising expectations, a bounding birthrate and mass-education. The country at that time was said to have been making only four million pesos a day while spending six million pesos. Industries had a very slow growth. The school facilities could not accomodate the increasing number of children. Diseases continued to spread. Criminality was on the increase. Marcos was trapped between the entrenched oligarchy, which controlled the Congress and the firebrands from the Manila student movement in the peasant regions of Luzon.
As a result of this, Marcos sent out the Army to face the resurgence of armed Communist activity and the emergence of Maoist urban guerrillas. In August 1971, the write of habeas corpus was suspended.
This worked in the short term, but as soon as it was lifted, radical agitation started again. By the middle of 1972, nearly the entire media turned dead set against the Administration and government was beginning to be slowed down by the intense rivalry between the political parties.
The economic effects of this paralysis of government were made worse by great floods which in the Luzon plain ruined much of agriculture, infrastructure and industry. The people wallowed deeper in cynicism and despair. In Manila, crime, pornography and violence drove citizens from the streets. Invoking the last constitutional defense of the state, President Ferdinand E. Marcos declared martial law on September 21, 1972.

Diosdado Pangan Macapagal

(1961-1965)
9th Philippine President
3rd republic

Diosdado P. Macapagal was the fifth president of the Third Republic of the Philippines.
He was born in Lubao, Pampanga on September 28, 1910 to Urbano Macapagal and Romana Pangan.
He studied law at the University of Sto. Tomas. After receiving his law degree, he was admitted to the bar in 1936. in 1940, he became President Manuel L. Quezon’s legal assistant. In 1948, President Elpidio Quirino, appointed Macapagal as chief negotiator with the British Government of the issue of Philippine Sovereignties over the Turtle Islands. After the successful transfer of the Turtle Island, Macapagal was assigned as second secretary to the

Philippine Embassy in Washington D.C. In 1949, he won a seat in the Philippine House of Representatives. He was re-elected in 1953 and served until 1956.
He became the vice president of Carlos P. Garcia in 1957. He was elected president of the Philippines in 1961. Under his presidency, financing institution such as The Philippine Veterans Bank was organized. One of his major foreign policy achievements was the forming of Maphilindo (composed of Malaysia, Philippines and Indonesia) in 1963, which paved the way for the creation of the Association of Southeast Asian Nations, or ASEAN. Macapagal was instrumental in changing of the date of the Philippine Independence Day from July 4 to June 12.
In 1965, Macapagal ran and lost to Ferdinand Marcos in the Philippine presidential election. In 1971, he was elected delegate to the Constitutional Convention. He succeded Carlos P. Garcia who died while serving as president of the constitution.
Diosdado P. Macapagal died on April 21, 1997.

Carlos Polistico Garcia

(1957-1961)
8th Philippine President
3rd Republic

Carlos P. Garcia was the fourth President of the Third Philippine Republic.
He was born in Talibon, Bohol on November 4, 1896 to Policronio Garcia and Ambrosia Polistico.
He studied at the Siliman University in Dumaguete and later transferred to the Philippine Law School now the Philippine College of Criminology where he finished his law degree in 1923. he took the bar examination and was among the top ten who passed it.
In 1925, he was elected as Representative of the Third District of Bohol to the National Assembly. He was one of the 24-elected to the senate in 1940 but the outbreak of the war prevented him from

assuming office. He resumes his term as senator in 1945 and was re-elected in 1946. he was elected as vice president during the Magsaysay administration in 1953. He was appointed Secretary of Foreign Affairs in his concurrent capacity as vice president. Garcia took over the presidency when Magsaysay died in an airplane accident in Cebu on March 1957.
Garcia presided over the remaining nine months of Magsaysay’s term. He then ran and won the 1957 presidential election. As president, he was instrumental in pursuing and implementing the “Filipino First” policy, which was conceived to initiate economic independence and also bring back the pride of Filipinos in their country. Furthermore Garcia was the first president to promote Philippine culture through dances and costumes.
Carlos P. Garcia died after a heart attack in Quezon City on June 14, 1971 while he was serving as president of the Constitutional Convention. He was married to Leonila Dimataga.

Ramon Magsaysay

(1953-1957)
7th Philippine President
3rd Republic

Magsaysay, Ramón (1907-1957), Philippine statesman, born in Iba, and educated at the University of the Philippines and José Rizal College. From 1942 to 1945, during World War II, he organized and led the guerrilla force that fought the Japanese. He was elected (1946) and re-elected (1949) on the Liberal party ticket to the Philippine House of Representatives. An advocate of stronger government action against the Communist-led Hukbalahap (Huk) guerrillas, he was appointed secretary of national defence in 1950. He reorganized and strengthened the army and the constabulary and intensified the campaign to crush Huk resistance, waging one of the most successful antiguerrilla campaigns in modern history by winning over the peasantry and preserving tight military discipline. In 1953 Magsaysay resigned his post as defence secretary and became the presidential candidate of the Nationalist party after criticizing the Liberal government. He was elected president of the Philippines in November 1953, but his efforts to reform the country were frustrated by wealthy landowner interests in the national congress. He died in a plane crash.

In 1953 the government attempted unsuccessfully to end the Huk rebellion by a peace parley with the rebel leaders. In the presidential elections, held on November 10, former Defence Minister Ramón Magsaysay won a decisive victory over the incumbent Quirino, and because of his vigorous conduct of the campaign against the Huks, the back of the rebellion was broken, although it was not entirely suppressed.

Congress approved, on August 11, 1955, legislation empowering President Magsaysay to break up large landed estates and distribute the land to tenant farmers. On September 6 the Philippines and the United States concluded a trade agreement on private US investment in Philippine enterprises.

In the mid-1950s the United States and the Philippines jointly acknowledged Philippine ownership of US military bases in the islands. The Philippine Senate also ratified the peace treaty with Japan and a Philippine-Japanese agreement providing for US$800 million in Japanese reparations.

Magsaysay died on March 17, 1957, in an air crash, and the next day Vice-President Carlos P. Garcia was sworn in as President. In June a statute outlawing the Communist Party was promulgated. The statute provided a maximum sentence of death for active party membership but allowed surrender without penalty within 30 days after promulgation. Some 1,400 holdouts of the Huk movement surrendered. Garcia was subsequently elected president, and Diosdado Macapagal, an opposition Liberal Party candidate, was elected Vice-President. Macapagal was elected President in 1961, but in the elections of 1965 he lost to the Nationalist candidate, Ferdinand Marcos.

Magsaysay was elected president of the Philippines in 1953 and served four years in office. Magsaysay was a strong opponent of the Communist-led Huk guerrillas, and he reorganized and strengthened the armed forces in a campaign to crush them. He was killed in a plane crash in 1957.

Elpidio Quirino

(1948-1953)
6th Philippine Presedint
3rd Republic

Quirino, Elpidio (1890-1956), president of the Philippines (1948-1953). He was born in Vignan on Luzon, studied law,After obtaining a law degree from the University of the Philippines, near Manila, in 1915, Quirino practiced law until he was elected a member of the Philippine House of Representatives in 1919-25 and a senator in 1925-31. In 1934 he was a member of the Philippine independence mission to Washington, D.C., headed by Manuel Quezon, which secured the passage in Congress of the Tydings-McDuffie Act, setting the date for Philippine independence as July 4, 1946. He was also elected to the convention that drafted a constitution for the new Philippine Commonwealth. Subsequently he served as secretary of finance and secretary of the interior in the Commonwealth government.

After World War II, Quirino served as secretary of state and vice president under the first president of the independent Philippines, Manuel Roxas. When Roxas died on April 15, 1948, Quirino succeeded to the presidency. The following year, he was elected president for a four-year term on the Liberal Party ticket, defeating the Nacionalista candidate.

President Quirino's administration faced a serious threat in the form of the Communist-led Hukbalahap (Huk) movement. Though the Huks originally had been an anti-Japanese guerrilla army in Luzon, the Communists steadily gained control over the leadership, and, when Quirino's negotiations with Huk commander Luis Taruc broke down in 1948, Taruc openly declared himself a Communist and called for the overthrow of the government. By 1950 the Huks had gained control over a considerable portion of Luzon, and Quirino appointed the able Ramon Magsaysay as secretary of national defense to suppress the insurrection. (see also Index: Hukbalahap Rebellion)

Quirino's six years as president were marked by notable postwar reconstruction, general economic gains, and increased economic aid from the United States. Basic social problems, however, particularly in the rural areas, remained unsolved; Quirino's administration was tainted by widespread graft and corruption. The 1949 elections, which he had won, were among the most dishonest in the country's history. Magsaysay, who had been largely successful in eliminating the threat of the Huk insurgents, broke with Quirino on the issue of corruption, campaigning for clean elections and defeating Quirino as the Nacionalista candidate in the presidential election of 1953. Subsequently, Quirino retired to private life.

Manuel Acuna Roxas

(1946-1948)
5th Philippine President
3rd Republic

Roxas y Acuña, Manuel (1892-1948), Philippine statesman and first president (1946-1948) of the Philippines, born in Capiz, and educated at the University of Manila. After studying law at the University of the Philippines, near Manila, Roxas began his political career in 1917 as a member of the municipal council of Capiz (renamed Roxas in 1949). He was governor of the province of Capiz in 1919-21 and was then elected to the Philippine House of Representatives, subsequently serving as Speaker of the House and a member of the Council of State. In 1923 he and Manuel Quezon, the president of the Senate, resigned in protest from the Council of State when the U.S. governor-general (Leonard Wood) began vetoing bills passed by the Philippine legislature. In 1932 Roxas and Sergio Osmeña, the Nacionalista Party leader, led the Philippine Independence Mission to Washington, D.C., where they influenced the passage of the Hare-Hawes-Cutting Act. Roxas was later opposed by Quezon, who held that the act compromised future Philippine independence; the Nacionalista Party was split between them on this issue. In 1934, however, Roxas was a member of the convention that drew up a constitution under the revised Philippine Independence and Commonwealth Act (Tydings-McDuffie Act). Roxas also served as secretary of finance in the Commonwealth government (1938-40).

During World War II Roxas served in the pro-Japanese government of José Laurel by acquiring supplies of rice for the Japanese army. Although a court was established after the war to try collaborators, Roxas was defended by his friend General Douglas MacArthur. Roxas was elected president of the Commonwealth in 1946 as the nominee of the liberal wing of the Nacionalista Party (which became the Liberal Party), and, when independence was declared on July 4, he became the first president of the new republic.

Although Roxas was successful in getting rehabilitation funds from the United States after independence, he was forced to concede military bases (23 of which were leased for 99 years), trade restrictions for Philippine citizens, and special privileges for U.S. property owners and investors. His administration was marred by graft and corruption; moreover, the abuses of the provincial military police contributed to the rise of the left-wing Hukbalahap (Huk) movement in the countryside. His heavy-handed attempts to crush the Huks led to widespread peasant disaffection. Roxas died in office in 1948 and was succeeded by his vice president, Elpidio Quirino.

Jose P. Laurel

(1943-1945)
4th Philippine President
2nd Republic(Japanese Occupation)

Jose Paciano Laurel (b. March 9, 1891, Tanauan, Luzon, Phil.--d. Nov. 6, 1959, Manila), president of the Philippines (1943-45), during the Japanese occupation of World War II.

After receiving law degrees from the University of the Philippines (1915) and from Yale University (1920), he was elected to the Philippine Senate in 1925 and appointed associate justice of the Supreme Court in 1936.

After the Pearl Harbor attack, Laurel stayed in Manila after President Manuel Quezon escaped first to Bataan and then to the United States. He offered his services to the Japanese; and because of his criticism of U.S. rule of the Philippines he held a series of high posts in 1942-43, climaxing in his selection as president in 1943. Twice in that year he was shot by Philippine guerrillas but recovered. In July 1946 he was charged with 132 counts of treason but was never brought to trial; he shared in the general amnesty in April 1948.

As the Nationalist Party's nominee for the presidency of the Republic of the Philippines in 1949, he was narrowly defeated by the incumbent president, Elpidio Quirino, nominee of the Liberal Party. Elected to the Senate in 1951, Laurel helped to persuade Ramón Magsaysay, then secretary of defense, to desert the Liberals and join the Nationalists. When Magsaysay became president, Laurel headed an economic mission that in 1955 negotiated an agreement to improve economic relations with the United States. He retired from public life in 1957.

Sergio Osmeña,Sr.

(1944-1946)
3rd Philippine President
COMMONWEALTH PERIOD (American Period)

Osmeña, Sergio (1878-1961), Philippine independence leader and statesman, born on Cebu. Trained as a lawyer, he was elected to the first Philippine assembly, became its speaker (1907-1916), and later served as senator from Cebu. Osmeña headed several missions to the United States to argue for Philippine independence and was instrumental in gaining commonwealth status for the Philippines in 1935. Twice elected vice-president of the commonwealth (1935 and 1941), he became president of the government in exile when President Manuel Quezon died in 1944. He was, however, defeated (1946) in the first elections of an independent Philippines.

He was the founder of the Nationalist Party (Partido Nacionalista) and president of the Philippines from 1944 to 1946. Osmeña received a law degree from the University of Santo Tomás, Manila, in 1903. He was also editor of a Spanish newspaper, El Nuevo Día, in Cebu City. In 1904 the U.S. colonial administration appointed him governor of the province of Cebu and fiscal (district attorney) for the provinces of Cebu and Negros Oriental. Two years later he was elected governor of Cebu. In 1907 he was elected delegate to the Philippine National Assembly and founded the Nationalist Party, which came to dominate Philippine political life.

Osmeña remained leader of the Nationalists until 1921, when he was succeeded by Manuel Quezon, who had joined him in a coalition. Made speaker of the House of Representatives in 1916, he served until his election to the Senate in 1923. In 1933 he went to Washington, D.C., to secure passage of the Hare-Hawes-Cutting independence bill, but Quezon differed with Osmeña over the bill's provision to retain U.S. military bases after independence. The bill, vetoed by the Philippine Assembly, was superseded by the Tydings-McDuffie Act of March 1934, making the Philippines a commonwealth with a large measure of independence. The following year Osmeña became vice president, with Quezon as president. He remained vice president during the Japanese occupation, when the government was in exile in Washington, D.C. On the death of Quezon in August 1944, Osmeña became president. He served as president until the elections of April 1946, when he was defeated by Manuel Roxas, who became the first president of the independent Republic of the Philippines.

Manuel L. Quezon

(1935-1944)
2nd Philippine President
COMMONWEALTH PERIOD (American Period)


Quezon y Molina, Manuel Luis (1878-1944), Philippine statesman, born in Baler, and educated at the University of San Tomás.. He cut short his law studies at the University of Santo Tomás in Manila in 1899 to participate in the struggle for independence against the United States, led by Emilio Aguinaldo. After Aguinaldo surrendered in 1901, however, Quezon returned to the university, obtained his degree (1903), and practiced law for a few years. Convinced that the only way to independence was through cooperation with the United States, he ran for governor of Tayabas province in 1905. Once elected, he served for two years before being elected a representative in 1907 to the newly established Philippine Assembly.

In 1909 Quezon was appointed resident commissioner for the Philippines, entitled to speak, but not vote, in the U.S. House of Representatives; during his years in Washington, D.C., he fought vigorously for a speedy grant of independence by the United States. Quezon played a major role in obtaining Congress' passage in 1916 of the Jones Act, which pledged independence for the Philippines without giving a specific date when it would take effect. The act gave the Philippines greater autonomy and provided for the creation of a bicameral national legislature modeled after the U.S. Congress. Quezon resigned as commissioner and returned to Manila to be elected to the newly formed Philippine Senate in 1916; he subsequently served as its president until 1935. In 1922 he gained control of the Nacionalista Party, which had previously been led by his rival Sergio Osmeña.

Quezon fought for passage of the Tydings-McDuffie Act (1934), which provided for full independence for the Philippines 10 years after the creation of a constitution and the establishment of a Commonwealth government that would be the forerunner of an independent republic. Quezon was elected president of the newly formulated Commonwealth on Sept. 17, 1935. As president he reorganized the islands' military defense (aided by Gen. Douglas MacArthur as his special adviser), tackled the huge problem of landless peasants in the countryside who still worked as tenants on large estates, promoted the settlement and development of the large southern island of Mindanao, and fought graft and corruption in the government. A new national capital, later known as Quezon City, was built in a suburb of Manila.

Quezon was reelected president in 1941. After Japan invaded and occupied the Philippines in 1942, he went to the United States, where he formed a government in exile, served as a member of the Pacific War Council, signed the declaration of the United Nations against the Fascist nations, and wrote his autobiography, The Good Fight (1946). Quezon died of tuberculosis before full Philippine independence was established.

He began to practise law in 1903 and was elected governor of his native province of Tayabas (now Quezon) two years later. He became a member of the first Philippine assembly in 1906. As resident commissioner to the United States Congress (1909-1916), he worked for Philippine independence. He was elected the first president of the newly formed transitional Commonwealth of the Philippines in 1935 and re-elected in 1941. After the Japanese invasion of the Philippines during World War II, he escaped to the United States, where he headed the Philippine government in exile until his death. Quezon City and Quezon Province are named after him.

Manuel Luis Quezón y Molina was President of the Philippines from 1935 to 1944. Filipino nationalism began to surface at the end of the 19th century, but it was not until the 1920s and 1930s that American policy towards the independence of the islands changed. In 1941 the Commonwealth of the Philippines was established, with Quezon as its first president. A fully independent Republic of the Philippines was proclaimed in 1946.

Emilio Aguinaldo

(1899-1901)
First Philippine President
First Republic of the Philippines

Emilio Aguinaldo first studied in San Juan de Letran. He joined the revolution in 1896 as a lieutenant under Gen. Baldomero Aguinaldo and rose to the rank of general in a few months.
He was 29 years old when he became Chief of State, first as head of the dictatorship he thought should be established upon his return to Cavite in May 1898 from voluntary exile in Hongkong.
On January 23, 1899, two months before turning 30, Aguinaldo was proclaimed the first president of the Republic of the Philippines, and he convened the Philippine Congress which ratified the country’s Constitution. The first Asian constitutional Republic was thus established – an event that

inspired other colonized Asian countries to work for independence.
He took an oath of allegiance to the United States a week after his capture in Palanan, Isabela. His term also featured the setting up of the Malolos Republic, which has its own Congress, Constitution, and national and local officialdom — proving Filipinos also had the capacity to build.
Aguinaldo is best remembered for the proclamation of Philippine Independence on June 12, 1898, in Kawit, Cavite.

Unforgettable Love

It was the end of the day at my school, I took the bus with my friends and there I met “the” guy. He wasnt the most hottest guy in the world but he ’s really cute. I sat on the bus with my best friend and then he just started bugging me. He just wouldnt leave me alone, but I was kinda glad he didnt. The day after I met him, I started talking to his friends asking them about him, his name was Jeffrey.

Jeffrey and I became friends we talked, and officially fell inlove with each other. Then finally he asked me out. I was so happy. We both knew that we were for each other. Finnally my dream had came true, I was given an forgettable love. Everyday Jeffrey would walk me to class, sit beside me at the bus, and he was the best boyfriend I had ever had. All of my friends were jealous.

We did had fights and we would always get through it. Everyone said that we would last forever. Everyone said that we were gonna marry each other, and have kids. Then one night I got a text message from Jeffrey saying that his brother was gonna run away and go to Seatle. He wanted to go.We were both in pain that night. I didnt want to lose him, and also I didnt want him to stay and lose his brother. I had to make the choose, so I told him that he should go and stay with his brother I loved him that’s why I did that. But fortunatelly his brother stayted and he did too. From that day on our relationship grew tighter and tighter.

Other people tried to break us up but they didnt achieve. One day I had the feeling that he was gonna dump me, so I asked his bestfriend if he was planning to dump me but luckly it was a false alarm. Then hours after I talked to Jeffrey’s bestfriend, Jeffrey texted me! The text message was full of swears, words that I couldnt even imagine that he would say to me. He said that I was making everything so misarable. And then I called his other bestfriend, as soon as his other best friend hear me crying in the phone, he said that he would talk to Jeffrey and settle it all out. Then Jeffrey kept calling me and trying to apologize. But then I needed to forgive him.

Then we got through that fight. Unfortunatelly after months of joy our relationship ended. All of the happyness we had it just ended in a snap. I loved him. What happanned was that his best friend told me that he was gonna dump me, and I was sure that he was gonna do it, bacause he didnt talked to me that whole day, and didnt even bother hugging me nor kissing me. So I dumped him! I was hurt! I felt like I was gonna die! I did got was I wished an forgettable love. I never got over Jeffrey. Then one of his friend went up to me, and asked why did you dump him if you still like him. Then I said because he was gonna dunp me too, and then he said no he wasnt gonna dump you. I felt so stupid I wished that I should have talked to him first.

It’s been 6 months after the breakup. I know how he is, and I know how his life is. His dad died because of cancer. Jeffrey was suffering, he was so sad. I couldnt help myself, and I blamed his sadness on me. I could have saved our relationship in so many ways, but I didnt. I dont know why I didnt. I did start liking other guys but my heart still belongs to him. I tried to put our broken relationship back together, but I couldnt he loves someone else now. I guess people were right, Relationships are like glass. Sometimes it`s better to leave them broken than try to hurt yourself putting it back together.

Jeffrey told alot of people that he never loved me, but I know he did, I knew he was lying. I cried for months, but I think the cut in my heart is finally cured. Even though it took me along time to heal, it was worth it. But the truth is that I did loved Jeffrey, and that he was the best boyfriend that I had ever had . I moved on now , and officially over him.

SOURCE:lovethingy.com

Tagalog Love Story

isang araw,tinanong ng lalaki kung ano ang ibigsabihin ng buhay para sa girl friend nya(as in best friend)... sabi ng girl

Girl: life is one of the gifts of God... a blessing from heaven,kung wala ito marahil wala naring magmamahalan sa mundong ito... E ikaw?!

Guy:life for me is you...without you...life is
non-sense,mas maganda nang ako na lang ang mawala kaysa ikaw...

Girl:'Wag ka ngang ganyan!

Guy:totoo naman eh!for 4 years na
magbestfriend tayo...minahal na kita...totoo na itoh...

Girl:pwede ba!tumigil ka nga!

Guy:bestfriend...I really love you,more
than anything in this World...ikaw,mahal mo ba ako?

Girl:pero alam mo namang may boyfriend na ako...bakit ngaun mo lang sinabi?!

tumakbo ang girl at iniwanan ang lalaki...after 3 days, anniversary na ng friendship nila,may natanggap na phone call ang girl...

Girl:hello!?

- - -:hello?jen?

Girl:hello,si jen nga ito...sino toh?

- - -:pumunta ka sa 23 catastrophe st. greenpark Village...

Girl:huh?hello???cno

(naputol ang linya...) natakot si jen na pumunta sa lugar na iyon dahil hindi niya alam kung pano haharapin ang nagmamahal sa kanya na si Nieve(bestfriend niya)...pero pumunta pa rin siya. ang hindi niya alam...

Mom of Nieve:jen?!buti nakarating ka...pano mo nalaman?

Jen:nalaman ang ano tita?

Mom of Nieve:wala na si Nieve...matagal na siyang nanghihina... may Cancer siya,ayaw niya itong ipaalam sayo...

Napatigil si jen...

Mom of Nieve:ito nga pala ang regalong gusto niya sanang ibigay sayo ngaung anniversary niyo...

isang kahong puno ng letter ang laman ng kahon binasa niya ang isa...

Dear jen,
hello!alam mo matagal na kitang gusto...natatakot akong sabihin ito pagkat ayokong lumayo ka sakin...mahal na mahal kita ikaw ang bumago sa buhay ko...dahil sa iyo nalaman ko na mahalaga ang buhay,mahal na...


(hindi nya tinuloy ang sulat...)
Lumapit siya sa kabaong at sinabi...

jen:kung alam mo lang Nieve...minahal kita,akala ko hindi mo ko napapansin kaya naman binaling ko sa iba ang pagmamahal na kaya kong ibigay sa iyo...mahal parin kita Nieve...kung alam mo lang....

"Love is too selfish minsan,kung kailan handa ka nang tanggapin ang hamon...saka naman ipagdadamot sa iyo ang katotohanan kaya if u luv someone say to him/her dat u love her b4 its too late..."


If you love someone sabihin nyo na ng mas maaga...para hindi tayo magregret... saying..."wat if o kung sana lang"...db?

Alamat ng Bulkan Pinatubo

Masagana ang Kahariang Masinlok. Magandang maganda noon ang umaga. Maningning ang sikat ng araw .Sariwa ang hanging amihan. Lunti ang mga halaman sapaligid. Masigla ang awit ng mga ibon. Bughaw ang kabundukan. Subalit ang kagandahan ng umaga ay hindi nakasiya sa Datu.Wala siyang madamang kaligayahan sa lahat ng namamalas.

Malungkot na nakapanungaw ang Datu.Nakatuon ang ma paningin sa sa bughaw na kabundukan. Nakakunot ang noo at tikom ang mga labi. Nagbuntong-hininga nang malalim.

"Malungkot na naman kayo, mahal na Datu," narinig niya sa may likuran. Bumaling ang Datu. Nagtanong ang mga mata ni Tandang Limay. Isa ito sa bumubuo sa "Konseho ng Matanda."

"Ikaw pala. Nalulungkot nga ako, Tandang Limay. Naalaala ko ang aking kabataan," at nagbuntung-hininga muli. Humawak siya sa palababahan ng bintana.

"Nakita mo ba ang bundok na iyon?" nagtaas ng paningin ang Datu.

"Oo, aking Datu, ngunit ano ang kinalaman niyon sa inyong kalungkutan?" tanong ni Tandang Limay. Napag-usapan na ng "Matatanda" ang napapansin nilang pagkamalungkutin ng Datu. Siya nga ang naatasang magsiyasat tungkol dito.

"Doon ako sa mga bundok na iyon laging nangangaso. Natatandaan mo marahil na malimit akong mag-uwi ng baboy-ramo at usa sa aking ama at mahal ko sa buhay."

"Opo, Kayo mahal na Datu ang kinikilalang pinakamagaling sa pana noon. Napabantog sa ibang kaharian ang inyong katangian sa pangangaso," sang-ayon ni Tandang Limay.

"Iyan ang suliranin ko ngayon. Para bang gusting-gusto kong magawa uli ang mga bagay na iyon, ngunit napakatanda ko na upang pagbalikan ang kabundukang iyon. Napakalayo na ang mga pook na iyon para sa mahina kong katawan," at muling nagbuntung-hininga ang Datu.

"Hindi na nga ninyo makakayanan ang maglakbay nang malayo. Ngunit maaari naman kayong magkaroon ng ibang libangan," pasimula ni Tandang Limay.

"Bahagi na ng aking buhay ang pangangaso. Hindi na rin ako makadarama ng kasiyahan kung iba ang aking magiging aliwan," malungkot na umiling ang Datu.

Naging usap-usapan sa buong kaharian ang suliranin ng Datu. Nabalita rin sa ilang bayan ang pagkamalungkutin ng pinuno ng Masinlok.

Makalipas ang ilang araw, dumating sa palasyo ang isang salamangkero. Matanda na siya at mabalasik ang mukha. Malaki ang paghahangad niya sa kamay ni Prinsesa Alindaya, prinsesa ng Masinlok ngunit malaki rin ang pag-ayaw nito sa kanya.

Nagbigay ng kaukulang paggalang ang panauhin.

May magandang panukala ako tungkol sa inyong suliranin kung inyong mamarapatin, mahal na Datu," saad ng salamangkero.

"Sabihin mo at handa akong magbayad sa inyong kapaguran," turing ng Datu.

"Magpapatubo ako ng isang bundok sa kapatagan ng Masinlok na malapit sa inyong palasyo para sa inyong pangangaso ipakasal lamang ninyo sa akin si Prinsesa Alindaya," pahayag ng panauhin.

"Kung matutupad mo ang iyong sinabi ay ibibigay ko sa iyo ang kamay ng aking anak," mabilis na pasiya ng Datu.

Madaling kumuha ng isang maliit na batumbuhay ang salamangkero. Ito'y parang isang batong mutya. Itinanim niya itong tila isang binhin ng halaman. Biglang-biglang sumipot sa pinagtamnan ang isang maliit na puno. Tumaas nang tumaas iyon. Lumaki nang lumaki hanggang sa maging isang bundok.

"Aba, anong laking bundok! Di ba iyan tumubo sa itinanim na batong mutya ng salamangkero?" paksa ng usapan ng mga tao.

Samantala sa palasyo, iniluhang gayon na lamang ni Prinsesa Alindaya ang naging pasiya ng ama. Ipinagdamdam niya nang labis na tila siya ay kalakal na ipinagpalit lamang sa isang bundok. At sa lalaki pa naming kanyang kinamumuhian. Laging lumuluha ang magandang prinsesa. Nagkaroon siya ng karamdaman. Naging malubha ang kanyang sakit. Dumating ang araw na itinakda ng Datu sa pagkuha sa kanya ng salamangkero.

"Ikinalulungkot ko na hindi ko mapasasama sa iyo ang aking anak. May sakit ang mahal na prinsesa. Magbalik ka sa ibang araw," saad ng Datu sa salamangkero.

Umuwing masamang-masama ang loob ng matanda. Galit nag alit siya sa Datu. Sinapantaha niyang gusto na nitong sumira sa usapan. Nagulong gayon na lamang ang kanyang loob. Lagi niyang naiisip si Prinsesa Alindaya at ang kanyang kabiguan. Hindi niya napansing palaki nang palaki ang bundok. Ito'y kanyang nakaligtaan.

"Mahal na Datu, halos natatakpan na po ng bundok ang buong kapatagan. Malapit na pong humangga ang bundok sa tabing-dagat. Wala na pong matitirhan ang mga tao," sumbong ng matatanda sa Datu.

"Hulihin ngayon din ang salamangkero. Putulan siya ng ulo. Lubhang nakapipinsala sa kaharian ang bundok na pinatubo niya," mabalasik na utos ng hari. Natakot siya sa maaring mangyari sa kaharian.

Namatay ang salamangkero ngunit patuloy pa rin sa paglaki ang bundok. Araw-araw ay pataas ito nang pataas na lalong ikinabahala ng mga tao. Walang maisipang gawin ang Datu. Palubha nang palubha ang suliranin.

Nakaabot ang balita hanggang sa malalayong kaharian. Nakarating iyon sa pandinig ni Prinsipe Malakas ng Pangasinan. Balita siya sa taglay na lakas at kabutihang loob. Agad siyang naglakbay patungong Masinlok. Humarap sa Datu ang matikas na prinsipe.

"Nakalaan sa inyo ang aking paglilikod, mahal na Datu," magalang na badya niya.

"Nakalaan akong magbigay ng kaukulang gantimpala. Humiling ka kahit anong bagay kapag nagtagumpay ka. Lunasan mo ang suliranin ng kaharian, Prinsipe ng Pangasinan," pahayag ng Datu.

"Wala po akong hinihintay na gantimpala, aking Datu. Tayo na sa labas."

Si Alindaya na noo'y magaling na ay naganyak sa tinig ng panauhin. Sumilip siya sa siwang ng pintuan. Malakas na malakas ang pitlag ng puso ng dalaga.

Nanaog ang Datu pati ang prinsipe. Madali nilang sinapit ang paanan ng bundok.

Sa isang kisapmata, binunot ng prinsipe ang bundok. Parang pagbunot lamang ng isang maliit na punong-kahoy. At sa isang iglap din, ipinatong niya iyon sa kanyang likod na walang iniwan sa pagbalikat ng tinudlang baboy-ramo. Mabilis din siyang humakbang na papalayo at ihinagis ang bundok sa lugal na kinaroroonan nito ngayon.

Bumalik ang prinsipe at ang Datu sa palasyo sa gitna ng pagbubunying mga tao. Galak na galak ang kaharian. Pagdating sa palasyo, niyakap ng Datu ang prinsipe. Iniutos niya ang malaking pagdiriwang para sa karangalan ng prinsipe noon ding gabing iyon.

Gabi ng kasiyahan, nagsasayaw noon ang prinsesa pagkat nahilingan ng amang Datu. Walang alis ang tingin ng prinsipe sa magandang mananayaw. Nabatubalani siya ng magandang prinsesa. Walang humpay ang palakpak ng prinsipe matapos ang pagsasayaw nito.

Kiming umupo ang prinsesa sa tabi ng Datu. Siya'y tahimik na nakatungo.

"Ang aking anak, si Prinsesa Alindaya, mahal na prinsipe, nakangiting pagpapakilala ng Datu. Yumukod ang prinsipe at ang prinsesa nama'y nag-ukol ng matamis na ngiti.

Walang alis ang paningin ni Prinsipe Malakas sa dalaga. Hindi matagalan ng prinsesa ang kabigha-bighaning titig ng prinsipe.

"May sasabihin ka, Prinsipe Malakas?" tanong ng hari upang basagin ang katahimikan.

"Hinihingi ko ang inyong pahintulot na makausap ko ang mahal na prinsesa, mahal na Datu," ang hiling ng prinsipe.

"Higit pa sa riyan ang maibibigay ko," sang-ayon ng Datu.

Hindi nagtagal at nasaksihan sa Masinlok ang marangyang kasal nina Prinsesa Alindaya at Prinsipe ng Pangasinan. Nagsaya ang kaharian sa loob ng anim na araw.

Samantala, ang guwang na nilikha ng pagkabunot sa bundok ay napuno ng tubig ito'y naging isang lawa.

Naging maganda at matulain ang lawang ito na tinawag ng mga tao na "Lawa ni Alindaya" sapagkat nagpapagunita ng kagandahan ng prinsesa at ng pag-ibig niyang siyang dahilan ng pagkakaron ng Bundok na Pinatubo.
 
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